[DISBIOTIC AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHANGES OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND ITS COMBINATION WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION].

Studied indicators microflora and immune parameters in 75 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Of these, 54 - COPD with arterial hypertension, at 21-isolated leaking COPD. The degree of dysbiosis evaluated on caseinolitic activity feces, immune status - by performance of leukogram and immunograms at determining the levels of CD3+-, CD4+-, CD8+-, CD19+-cells, Ig A, Ig M, Ig G, NST-test. For most COPD patients with hypertension compared with patients with COPD characterized by more pronounced dysbiosis, inflammatory syndrome, the weakening of the functioning of cellular immunity, increased tension of humoral immunity and changed reactions in phagocytic immunity. Disbiotic and immune changes increase with increasing the degree of hypertension from I to III.

[[Influence of Nutrition Nature on Acid-Base Balance in the Mouth and the Risk of Dental Diseases].]

The aim was to investigate the acid-base balance in the mouth and assess the risk of dental disease in practically healthy persons depending on the habitual diet. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 162 people, divided into three groups: with a mixed diet, with protein foods of animal origin and vegetarians. There were studied the pH value of oral fluid, dental, lingual plaque at stimulation with sucrose and urea. RESULTS: In individuals, characterized by the habitual diet, there are statistically significant persistent changes in acid-base balance in the mouth, which provoke an increased risk of developing dental diseases. At normal mixed diet there is moving the acid-base balance towards weak acidosis that in the presence of other predisposing factors can lead to the risk of devel- opment of dental caries. There is a displacement of acid-base balance in the oral cavity to the alkaline side in case the long predominant consumption of protein foods of animal origin, that is dangerous in terms of formation of hard dental deposits and consequently of the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases. In vegetarians, there is a persistent shift of acid-alkaline balance in the mouth in the direction of acidosis, which is a risk factor for development of dental caries.

[Microbiocenosis and activity of the inflammatory process in the colon of the patients with chronic cardiac failure].

The aim of this work was to study colonic microbiocenosis, endotoxin level, intensity of systemic inflammation and the state of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) system and MMP tissue inhibitors (TIMP) in 75 patients with post-infarction cardiosclerosis at different stages of chronic cardiac failure (CCF). The patients were examined by clinical, echocardiographic and laboratory methods including bacteriological analysis of feces and measurement of amino-terminal brain natriuruetic peptide, endotoxin, TNF-alpha, MMP-9, and TIMP-4. The progress of CCF was shown to be associated with increasing colonic dysbiosis, endotoxin and TNF-alpha levels, disbalance in the MMO and TIMP systems.

[Immune mechanisms in pathogenesis of chronic heart failure].

In the review the new information about a participation of immune mechanisms in a pathogenesis of a chronic heart failure (CHF) is presented. Significance of a bacterial endotoxin, as inductor of activation of immune system at CHF, and factors of a system inflammation in a pathogenesis of the disease, breaking balance of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases system, leading to change of structure of an extracellular matrix of a myocardium, are discussed.

[The activity of components of system of matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase on different stages of chronic cardiac failure].

The article discusses the results of detection of activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-4, endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein, sE-selectine in blood of patients with chronic cardiac failure depending on severity of disease. It is demonstrated that progressing of chronic cardiac failure is associated with the increase of level of endotoxemia, activation of systemic inflammation and misbalance in the system of matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase.

[Features of intestine microbiocenosis and systemic inflammation factors in chronic heart failure patients].

AIM: Intestine microbiocenosis structure, endotoxinemia level, C-reactive protein (CRP) and TNFalpha concentration in chronic heart failure patients (CHF) were studied depending on disease severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical, echocardiographic and laboratory examination of 104 patients was performed: 75 CHF patients and 29 healthy volunteers. Laboratory examination included bacteriologic analysis of feces for dysbiosis, determination of endotoxin (ET) levels, CRP and TNFalpha levels in blood serum. RESULTS: More expressed alterations in large intestine microbiocenosis and an increase of endotoxinemia and systemic inflammation factors (TNFalpha and CRP) levels were detected in patients with CHF in comparison to individuals without circulatory system pathology. CHF progression is associated with an increase of intestine dysbiosis, and ET, TNFalpha and CRP levels in blood. CONCLUSION: Endotoxinemia in CHF patients, that is caused by an increase in intestine wall permeability during development of venous congestion in systemic circulation, results in immune system activation manifesting in an increase of systemic inflammation factor level in blood that can aggravate the CHF course.

[Trends in systemic inflammatory factors and aminoterminal brain natriuretic propeptide in the treatment of chronic heart failure].

AIM: To study trends in systemic inflammatory factors and aminoterminal brain natriuretic propeptide (NT-proBNP) in the blood of patients with stage IIA and IIB chronic heart failure (CHF) during therapy aimed at reducing venous congestion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study enrolled 52 patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis (PICS). Clinical, echocardiographic and laboratory studies were conducted. The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The concentration of endotoxin (ET) was estimated by the end-point chromogenic LAL test, that of NT-proBNP--by immunochromotographic assay. RESULTS: In the patients with CHF, clinical signs of pulmonary venous congestion are associated with a statistically significant increase in the blood levels of TNF-alpha and CRP, those of systemic venous congestion are related to a further rise in TNF-alpha levels and elevation of blood concentrations of NT-proBNP, ET and IL-10. Treatment-related reduction in pulmonary venous congection is associated with a decrease in the levels of TNF-alpha, CRP and IL-6; that in systemic venous congestion--with lower concentrations of NT-proBNP, TNF-alpha and ET. CONCLUSION: Specific changes in the levels of systemic inflammatory factors and NT-proBNP were found in patients with CHF in the presence of pulmonary and systemic venous congestion. Treatment aimed at elimination of the latter leads to reduction in the levels of systemic inflammatory factors and NT-proBNP.

[Endotoxinemia and systemic inflammation in pathogenesis of chronic heart failure].

Large intestine microbiocenosis, levels of endotoxinemia, tumor necrosis factor alpha, C-reactive protein, sE-selectin, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-4 (TIMP) in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients was studied. Association of dysbiosis and endotoxinemia levels increase, systemic inflammation activation and an imbalance of MMP-TIMP system with progression of CHF has been shown. It can be a reason of a myocardium extracellular matrix structure disturbance and heart remodeling at CHF.

[Nonspecific adaptation reactions and immunological status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

The clinical laboratory study of 75 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has shown that most of them have elevated immunoglobulin A and G levels, the diminished activity of neutrophiles, and higher C-reactive protein and 30% of the patients show non-physiological adaptation reactions: reactivation and stress. During these reactions, there are the most pronounced changes in the immunological status and in the level of acute phase protein. The rate of nonphysiological reactions increases, immunity deteriorates, and the activity of an inflammatory process is enhanced with the longer duration of T2D, grades 2 and 3 arterial hypertension, micro- and macroangiopathies, as well as with more evident hyperglycemia and triglyceridemia.

[Combined method for testing microflora in oral specimens].

The integrated procedure used in a clinical laboratory to test oral specimens for the microflora, which includes microscopic and rapid cultural studies, enhances the specificity and sensitivity of detection of fungi of the genus Candida as the used chromogenic selective nutrient medium allows C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropocalis to be identified in the primary culture, without increase the time of giving the results of a test. The results of a test for the fungi may be quantitatively presented, which is of importance for the reasonable use of antifungal therapy (only when the diagnostically significant quantity of Candida exceeds) and of value for the control of the results of therapy. Semiquantitative detection of other morphological types (Leptotrichia, Borrelia, Fusobacterium, Protozoon) makes it possible to prescribe etiotropic therapy and to evaluate its efficiency.

[Impact of ozone therapy on the electrophysiological parameters of the retina in patients operated on for its rhegmatogenous detachment].

The impact of ozone therapy on changes in the data of maximum combined electroretinography (ERG), macular ERG (MERG), and rhythmic ERG (RERG) at 12, 32, and 40 Hz was studied in the rehabilitative period in patients operated on for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The integral and local glial indices K(g) and K(c) were calculated. Studies were conducted before, within 1 week and 1 and 2 months after a course of therapy. With ozone therapy, ERG and RERG depended on the specific features of changes available in the fundus of the eye before surgery. In the early rehabilitative period after surgery (circlage with subretinal fluid removal), ozone therapy normalized the glial indices, by decreasing the supernormal activity of Muller's glial cells and drastically increasing their reduced activity. The maximum effect was revealed for the function of phororeceptors (except for the eyes showing pronounced myopic dystrophic changes in the fundus). There were increases in MERG, ERG b-wave, and low-frequency RERG by 12 Hz, i.e. improved functions of the macular region and distal neurons of the retinal rod cell system. A latent period was established for the manifestation of a positive effect of ozonwe therapy on the functional of neurons of the internal retinal nuclear layer, as evidenced by RERG changes. Ozone therapy positively affect retinal electrogenesis in cases of total retinal detachment accompanied by a pronounced reduction in the glial index Kg before surgery. The therapy was found to have a positive impact on the functional activity of the retina of pair eyes, by developing within a one-moth latent period.

[Microflora of the gastroduodenal zone and morphological characteristics of phases of recurrent peptic ulcer]. / Mikroflora gastroduodenal'noi zony i morfologicheskaia kharakteristika faz retsidiva iazvennoi bolezni.

The studies conducted for 126 patients with stomach and duodenal ulcers revealed that at the acute state of recurrent ulcer activation of the microflora displaying pathogenetic signs and corresponding to the third or fourth degree of dysbacteriosis takes place in the ulcerous defect zone along with microcirculatory disorders, necrotic inflammatory processes and reduction of the lysozyme content in tissues. This allows comparing ulcers of the gastroduodenal zone to an infected wound. At the sub-acute phase of recurrent ulcer (next one or two weeks) microbiological changes in the per-ulcer zone reduce to dysbacteriosis of the second or third degree as inflammatory and necrotic processes cease, an at the phase of cicatrisation and epithelization they are similar to normal biocenosis.

[Properties and clinical application of quasi-liquid form of lysozyme]. / Svoistva i klinicheskoe primenenie kvazizhidkostnoi formy lizotsima.

The course of transendoscopic quasi-liquid form of lysozyme treatment of the relapse of peptic ulcer was microbiologically and clinically substantiated. A high antimicrobial and sorption activity of the quasi-liquid form of lysozyme with respect to the microflora isolated from the mucous membrane of the stomach and the duodenum was shown. The transendoscopic introduction of this form of lysozyme significantly reduces the time of the cicatrization of ulcers and the stay of patients in the hospital.

[Trans-endoscopic treatment of recurrent gastroduodenal ulcers by a combination therapy with lysozyme, molecular iodine and poly-iodides]. / Transéndoscopicheskoe lechenie retsidiva gastroduodenal'nykh iazv kompleksnym coedineniem lizotsima s molekuliarnym iodom i piliiodidami.

Pathogenesis substantiation and clinical efficiency of transendoscopic treatment of the patients with gastroduodenal ulcers relapse by lysozyme compound with molecular iodine and polyiodides are presented in this paper. The relapse of peptic ulcer was accompanied by lysozyme decrease and helicobacter's sowing increase in stomach and duodenal mucosa, as well as activity mucosa flora increase, especially in periulcer's region. This fact has drown near ulcer's defect and infected wound. Significant microbicidal and sorptional effects to the revealed strains of microorganisms, mucous membrane barrier properties increase and shortening of the peptic ulcer's scarring time on 8 days were demonstrated after transendoscopic treatment of the peptic ulcer with iodine lysozyme 3-4 times.

[Patterns in the formation of proteolytic enzymes by different strains of C1. botulinum type F]. / Nekotorye zakonomernosti obrazovaniia proteoliticheskikh fermentov razlichnymi shtammami C1. botulinum tipa F

The authors studied regularities attending the accumulation of proteolytic enzyme and toxin by C1. botulinum, type F, strains in the medium. Strains No. 470, 200, 76, 55 proved to possess caseinolytic capacity, whereas strains Eklund and Craig were "nonproteolytic". C1. botulinum strain, type F, medium and growing conditions providing a high yield of proteolytic enzymes were selected. Some properties of proteolytic enzyme of strain No. 470 were studied.